Earlier in development at the DNA level, the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene seems to play a role in the expression of aggressive behavior. The action of testosterone on the brain begins in the embryonic stage. Aggressive behavior arises in the brain through interplay between subcortical structures in the amygdala and the hypothalamus in which emotions are born and the prefrontal cognitive centers where emotions are perceived and controlled. In more sensitive laboratory paradigms, it has been observed that participant's testosterone rises in the winners of competitions, dominance trials or in confrontations with factitious opponents. Several field studies have also shown that testosterone levels increase during the aggressive phases of sports games. There is evidence that testosterone levels are higher in individuals with aggressive behavior, such as prisoners who have committed violent crimes. Testosterone plays a significant role in the arousal of these behavioral manifestations in the brain centers involved in aggression and on the development of the muscular system that enables their realization. However, it still manifests itself in various intensities and forms from thoughts, anger, verbal aggressiveness, competition, dominance behavior, to physical violence. Despite this, testosterone is only one of a myriad of factors that influence aggression and the effects of previous experience and environmental stimuli have at times been found to correlate more strongly.Ītavistic residues of aggressive behavior prevailing in animal life, determined by testosterone, remain attenuated in man and suppressed through familial and social inhibitions. It is thought that testosterone and its metabolites sensitize an androgen-responsive system, while estrogenic metabolites establish the capacity to fight in response to estrogenic stimulation later in life. However there is a critical time period early in life, usually within the first few days after birth, during which testosterone exposure is essential to elicit aggression in adulthood. In addition, recent evidence suggests that these neurotransmitters are involved in processes such as olfaction and arousal and suggestions have been put forward explaining how testosterone may modulate these processes. As such, testosterone is able to modulate levels of various neurotransmitters that show evidence of mediating effects on aggressive behaviour. Androgen and estrogen receptors are also found along neurotransmitter pathways. It can act via genomic mechanisms to induce production of proteins or via non-genomic mechanisms to modulate neural activity. Testosterone can exert its effects in one of two ways: either on androgen receptors after conversion to 5-alpha-dihyd rotestosterone or on estrogen receptors after aromatization to estradiol. Studies have revealed that structures within the limbic system are particularly involved in the elicitation of aggression and are sexually dimorphic. This review article explores the evidence that testosterone is significantly correlated with certain forms of aggression in a number of animals, although firm evidence is lacking for humans. Tidak diperoleh hubungan antara kadar testosteron total dengan kepribadian dan jenis kriminalitas. 82 % melakukan tindak kriminalitas non seksual dan 18 % terpidana tindak kriminalitas seksual.Simpulan. 29 % kepribadian anti sosial, dan 71 % kepribadian bukan anti sosial.
Mayoritasresponden (82 %) memiliki kadar testosteron total normal (antara 3,0-10,6 ng/ml), 13% kadar testosteron yang rendah, dan 5 % kadar testosterone tinggi. Uji statistic dengan metode chi square.Hasil.
Menggunakan form MCMI-IV dan uji kadar terstosteron total pada pukul 8 – 10 Pagi. Korelasi antara kadar hormone testosteron total pada penghuni Lapas Jember, dengan kepribadian antisosial yang dimiliki dan jenis kriminal yang dilakukan.Metode. Hormon testosterone telah lama diasosiasikan dengan berbagai macam sifat pria pada umumnya dan berhubungan dengan perilaku agresif, dominasi dan kepribadian antisocial dalam berbagai kondisi masyarakat, bahkan dalam beberapa kasus disebutkan tin dakan criminal menjadi salah satu efek dari tingginya kadar hormonini.Tujuan.
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